第２回医療生命薬学研究所特別講演会
| 日時 | 平成24年9月13日（木）11:00～12:00 |
|---|---|
| 場所 | 薬学部棟 2階 大講義室（204） |
| 演者 | Prof. William Wade Microbiology Unit, King's College London Dental Institute [UK] |
| 演題 | The oral microbiome in disease and health |
| 内容 | The human oral cavity harbours a complex commensal microbiota including fungi, protozoa, viruses, Archaea and Bacteria. The Bacteria are numerically dominant and around 1200 bacterial species belonging to 15 phyla are listed in the Human Oral Microbiome database (www.homd.org). The oral microbiome is generally stable in adults and little geographical variation has been found. Culture-independent methods targeting 16S rRNA have revealed numerous novel lineages of oral bacteria, many of which are predicted to be obligate anaerobes. Around half of oral bacteria cannot be cultured and this has been a major obstacle to understanding their role in health and disease. It has been hypothesised that one reason for unculturability is that members of certain taxa are adapted to growing in mixed-species biofilms and have thus become dependent on the presence of other taxa for growth. Members of the previously uncultivated Synergistetes Cluster A have been successfully grown in co-culture in vitro and following extended incubation and passaging, have been domesticated so that they can grown on agar media with a single co-culture partner. The recently described Fretibacterium fastidiosum strain SGP1 was grown in this way which has enabled its genome sequence to be obtained. A systematic approach to the culture of the remaining as yet uncultivated oral anaerobic lineages is required. The introduction of next generation high throughput sequencing methods such as pyrosequencing has facilitated the characterisation and comparison of the oral microbiota in health and disease. These methods have been used in studies to determine the changes in microbiota in experimental gingivitis and periodontitis and have identified new potential pathogens associated with these conditions. |
| 本講演は日本薬学会東海支部会特別講演会並びに第59回薬学セミナーを兼ねています。 |
愛知学院大学薬学部医療薬学科
名古屋市千種区楠元町1-100
問い合わせ先：薬学部微生物学講座（担当：河村、連絡先：内線2240）