薬学部 生体機能化学講座

 

 

連絡先

464-8650 名古屋市千種区楠元町1-100

       愛知学院大学薬学部生体機能化学講座

楠元キャンパス 薬学部棟7階 708 号室,709号室

Tel052-751-2561(代表)内線22502251

052-757-6782(直通)052-757-6783(直通)

Fax052-757-6799事務室)

 

 

スタッフ

教授  横沢 英良 (E-mail: yokosawadpc.agu.ac.jp)(休職中:伯水 英夫)

准教授 茂木 眞希雄 (E-mail: makiodpc.aichi-gakuin.ac.jp)

助教  森田(近藤)あや美 (E-mail: ayamidpc.aichi-gakuin.ac.jp)

 

 

学部担当科目

 酵素学,生体成分代謝学,薬学英語II,神経化学,基礎薬学実習III

 

 

研究テーマ

1.タンパク質分解と翻訳後修飾に関する研究

2.細胞の増殖・分化の制御機構に関する研究

 


研究内容

1)タンパク質分解と翻訳後修飾に関する研究

タンパク質は,遺伝子から翻訳されて生命現象の最前線で働き,それぞれの固有の寿命にもとづいて分解されます.従って,生命現象は機能タンパク質の生合成(生)と分解(死)のバランスの上に成り立っているといえます.細胞内におけるタンパク質の分解を司る主要なシステムがユビキチン依存的タンパク質分解系(ユビキチン-プロテアソームシステム:E1/E2/E3酵素のユビキチンシステムと分解マシンのプロテアソームから構成されています)です.このシステムは細胞周期(細胞増殖・細胞分裂),遺伝子発現,シグナル伝達,アポトーシス抗原提示,ウイルス発がん,受精・発生,細胞分化などの多様な生命現象に関与しています(図).従って,このシステムの破綻は即,病気につながり,このシステムが創薬のターゲットになります.

一方,ユビキチン化の翻訳後修飾系に加えて,SUMOISG15などのユビキチン様タンパク質(Ubl)による翻訳後修飾系が,機能タンパク質の機能変換を介して多様な生命現象の制御に関与しています(図1参照).

私たちは,ユビキチン-プロテアソームシステムとUblシステムの分子機構と生理機能の解明を目指した研究,および,ユビキチン-プロテアソームシステムを標的とする創薬研究を進めています.

 

2)細胞の増殖・分化の制御機構に関する研究

 骨破壊を伴う慢性関節リウマチや歯周病関連疾患の病態を探る新たなアプローチとして骨芽細胞と破骨細胞の機能変化が注目されています骨芽細胞は,サイトカイン産生を介して破骨細胞の分化と増殖を制御する中心的役割を担います(図2特に骨芽細胞由来の破骨細胞分化因子RANKLや破骨細胞分化抑制因子osteoprotegerin (OPG) 破骨細胞の分化増殖活性化,およびアポトーシスの調節因子として重要な役割を担っており両者の厳密な産生制御により正常な骨代謝が営まれています従って骨芽細胞におけるRANKLOPGの産生機序シグナルカスケードの解明および上記のサイトカインの作用と骨破壊を伴う疾患との関連を解明することは新たな治療戦略を探る上で極めて重要であると考えられます

一方,RANKL 以外に骨吸収を促進する炎症性サイトカインとしてinterleukin (IL)-1IL-6IL-11および prostaglandin (PG) E2などが知られています.これらは様々な刺激により骨芽細胞から産生されますが,その産生機構が解明されつつあります.また、in vivo において,LPS の脳室内投与による交感神経系の活性化や,ストレス負荷で副腎髄質から分泌されるアドレナリンの作用が,マウス頭頂骨におけるIL-6 COX-2 mRNA発現を促進させることが明らかになりました(図3).外的環境による骨芽細胞の応答が骨吸収促進因子を産生し,骨代謝にいかなる影響を及ぼすかなどの機構の解明は,新たな治療薬の開発に繋がる可能性を秘めています.


私たちは新たな骨破壊疾患治療戦略の構築を目的にして,マウス骨芽細胞様細胞におけるOPG産生機構の解明,骨芽細胞由来OPGの新規生理作用の解明,in vitro病態モデルにより惹起されるRANKL産生誘導およびOPG産生抑制のシグナルカスケードの解明,そして,現代ストレスが骨代謝に及ぼす影響(骨芽細胞と神経細胞のクロストーク)の解明をめざして,研究を進めています

 

2. 骨芽細胞由来分化誘導因子による破骨細胞の分化

 


 

3.各種刺激による骨芽細胞の応答と細胞内シグナルカスケード


研究業績

1)タンパク質分解と翻訳後修飾に関する研究(20042009

1.        Tsukamoto, S. and Yokosawa, H. (2009). Targeting the proteasome pathway. Expert Opin. Ther. Targets 13, 605-621.

2.        Saeki, Y., Kudo, T., Sone, T., Kikuchi, Y., Yokosawa, H., Toh-e, A., and Tanaka, K. (2009). Lysine 63-linked polyubiquitin chain may serve as a targeting signal for the 26S proteasome. EMBO J. 28, 359-371.

3.        Yoshida, K., Yamaguchi, K., Mizuno, A., Unno, Y., Asai, A., Sone, T., Yokosawa, H., Matsuda, A., Arisawa, M., and Shuto, S. (2009). Three-dimensional structure-activity relationship study of belactosin A and its stereo- and regioisomers: development of potent proteasome inhibitors by a stereochemical diversity-oriented strategy. Org. Biomol. Chem. 7, 1868-1877.

4.        Azumi, K., Ikeda, Y., Takeuchi, T., Nomura, T., Sabau, S.V., Hamada, J., Okada, F., Hosokawa, M., and Yokosawa, H. (2009). Localization and characterization of g-glutamyl cyclotransferase in cancer cells. Mol. Med. Reports 2, 385-391.

5.        Hosono, H. and Yokosawa, H. (2008). Small ubiquitin-related modifier is secreted and shows cytokine-like activity. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 31, 834-837.

6.        Minakawa, M., Sone, T., Takeuchi, T., and Yokosawa, H. (2008). Regulation of the nuclear factor (NF)-kB pathway by ISGylation. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 31, 2223-2227.

7.        Takeuchi, T. and Yokosawa, H. (2008). Detection and analysis of protein ISGylation. Methods Mol. Biol. 446, 139-149.

8.        Yoshida, K., Yamaguchi, K., Sone, T., Unno, Y., Asai, A., Yokosawa, H., Matsuda, A., Arisawa, M., and Shuto, S. (2008). Synthesis of 2,3- and 3,4-methanoamino acid equivalents with stereochemical diversity and their conversion into the tripeptide proteasome inhibitor belactosin A and its highly potent cis-cyclopropane stereoisomer. Org. Lett. 10, 3571-3574.

9.        Tsukamoto, S., Takeuchi, T., Rotinsulu, H., Mangindaan, R.E.P., van Soes, R.W.M., Ukai, K., Kobayashi, H., Namikoshi, M., Ohta, T., and Yokosawa, H. (2008). Leucettamol A: a new inhibitor of Ubc13-Uev1A interaction isolated from a marine sponge, Leucetta aff. Microrhaphis. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 18, 6318-6320.

10.    Tayama, Y., Kawahara, H., Minami, R., Shimada, M., and Yokosawa, H. (2007). Association of Rpn10 with high molecular weight complex is enhanced during retinoic acid-induced differentiation of neuroblastoma cells. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 306, 53-57.

11.    Azumi, K., Usami, T., Kamimura, A., Sabau, S.V., Miki, Y., Fujie, M., Jung, S.J., Kitamura, S., Suzuki, S., and Yokosawa, H. (2007). cDNA microarray analyses reveal candidate marker genes for the detection of ascidian disease in Korea. Zool. Sci. 24, 1231-1240.

12.    Minami, R., Shimada, M., Yokosawa, H., and Kawahara, H. (2007). Scythe regulates apoptosis through modulating ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of XEF1AO. Biochem. J. 405, 495-501.

13.    Urata, S., Noda, T., Kawaoka, Y., Morikawa, S., Yokosawa, H., and Yasuda, J. (2007). Interaction of Tsg101 with Marburg virus VP40 depends on the PPPY motif, but not the PT/SAP motif as in the case of Ebola virus, and Tsg101 plays a critical role in the budding of Marburg virus-like particles induced by VP40, NP, and GP. J. Virol. 81, 4895-4899.

14.    Urata, S., Yokosawa, H., and Yasuda, J. (2007). Regulation of HTLV-1 Gag budding by Vsp4A, Vsp4B, and AIP1/Alix. Virol. J. (online journal) 4, 66.

15.    Ohtawa, M., Ichikawa, S., Teishikata, Y., Fujimuro, M., Yokosawa, H., and Matsuda, A. (2007). 9-(2-C-Cyano-2-deoxy-b-D-arabino-pentofuranosyl)guanine, a potent antitumor agent against B-lymphoma infected with Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. J. Med. Chem. 50, 2007-2010.

16.    Ochiai, H., Fujimuro, M., Yokosawa, H., Harashima, H., and Kamiya, H. (2007). Transient activation of transgene expression by hydrodynamics-based injection may cause rapid decrease in plasmid DNA expression. Gene Ther. 14, 1152-1159.

17.    Fujimuro, M., Hayward, S.D., and Yokosawa, H. (2007). Molecular piracy: manipulation of the ubiquitin system by Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. Rev. Mol. Virol. 17, 405-422.

18.    Takeuchi, T., Kobayashi, T., Tamura, S., and Yokosawa, H. (2006). Negative regulation of protein phosphatase 2Cb by ISG15 conjugation. FEBS Lett. 580, 4521-4526.

19.    Takeuchi, T., Inoue, S., and Yokosawa, H. (2006). Identification and Herc5-mediated ISGylation of novel target proteins. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 348, 473-477.

20.    Tsukamoto, S., Yoshida, T., Hosono, H., Ohta, T., and Yokosawa, H. (2006). Hexylitaconic acid: a new inhibitor of p53-HDM2 interaction isolated from a marine-derived fungus, Arthrinium sp. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 16, 69-71.

21.    Fujimuro, M., Nakaso, K., Nakashima, K., Sadanari, H., Inoue, H., Teishikata, Y., Hayward, S.D., and Yokosawa, H. (2006). Multiplex PCR-based DNA array for simultaneous detection of three human herpesviruses, EBV, CMV, and KSHV. Exp. Mol. Pathol. 80, 124-131.

22.    Nishiwaki, M., Fujimuro, M., Teishikata, Y., Inoue, H., Sasajima, H., Nakaso, K., Nakashima, K., Sadanari, H., Yamamoto, T., Fujiwara, Y., Ogawa, N., and Yokosawa, H. (2006). Epidemiology of Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus and Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infections in peripheral blood leukocytes revealed by a multiplex PCR assay, J. Med. Virol. 78, 1635-1642.

23.    Fujimuro, M., Inoue, H., Teishikata, Y., Ishida, Y., and Yokosawa, H. (2006). Apoptotic effect of ganciclovir on primary effusion lymphoma cells infected with Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 25, 635-645.

24.    Shimada, M., Yokosawa, H., and Kawahara, H. (2006). MOE-1/OMA-1 is a P granules-associated protein that is required for germline specification in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genes Cells 11, 383-396.

25.    Shimada, M., Kanematsu, K., Tanaka, K., Yokosawa, H., and Kawahara, H. (2006). Proteasomal ubiquitin receptor RPN-10 controls sex determination in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol. Biol. Cell 17, 5356-5371.

26.    Urata, S., Noda, T., Kawaoka, Y., Yokosawa, H., and Yasuda, J. (2006). Cellular factors required for Lassa virus budding. J. Virol. 80, 4191-4195.

27.    Muramoto, R., Okabe, K., Fujimuro, M., Sugiyama, K., Yokosawa, H., Seya, T., and Matsuda, T. (2006). Physical and functional interactions between STAT3 and Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-encoded LANA. FEBS Lett. 580, 93-98.

28.    Tsukamoto, S. and Yokosawa, H. (2006). Natural products inhibiting the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway, a target for drug development. Curr. Med. Chem. 13, 745-754.

29.    Kawai, N., Takahashi, H., Nishida, H., and Yokosawa, H. (2005). Regulation of NF-kB/Rel by IkB is essential for ascidian notochord formation. Dev. Biol. 277, 80-91.

30.    Ban, S., Harada, Y., Yokosawa, H., and Sawada, H. (2005). Highly polymorphic vitelline-coat protein HaVC80 from the ascidian, Halocynthia aurantium: structural analysis and involvement in self/nonself-recognition during fertilization. Dev. Biol. 286, 440-451.

31.    Takeuchi, T. and Yokosawa, H. (2005). ISG15 modification of Ubc13 suppresses its ubiquitin-conjugating activity. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 336, 9-13.

32.    Takeuchi, T., Iwahara, S., Saeki, Y., Sasajima, H., and Yokosawa, H. (2005). Link between the ubiquitin conjugation system and the ISG15 conjugation system: ISG15 conjugation to the UbcH6 ubiquitin E2 enzyme. J. Biochem. 138, 711-719.

33.    Fujimuro, M., Liu, J., Zhu, J., Yokosawa, H., and Hayward, S.D. (2005). Regulation of the interaction between glycogen synthase kinase 3 and the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus latency-associated nuclear antigen. J. Virol. 79, 10429-10441.

34.    Fujimuro, M., Nishiya, T., Nomura, Y., and Yokosawa, H. (2005). Involvement of polyubiquitin chains via specific chain linkages in stress response in mammalian cells. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 28, 2315-2318.

35.    Kikukawa, Y., Minami, R., Shimada, M., Kobayashi, M., Tanaka, K., Yokosawa, H., and Kawahara, H. (2005). Unique proteasome subunit Xrpn10c is a specific receptor for the antiapoptotic ubiquitin-like protein Scythe. FEBS J. 272, 6373-6386.

36.    Tsukamoto, S., Hirota, H., Imachi, M., Fujimuro, M., Onuki, H., Ohta, T., and Yokosawa, H. (2005). Himeic acid: a new ubiquitin-activating enzyme inhibitor isolated from a marine-derived fungus, Aspergillus sp. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 15, 191-194.

37.    Azumi, K., Sasaki, T., Okochi, K., Yamasaki, S., Saito, T., Takayama, H., and Yokosawa, H. (2005). Differential display analysis reveals the expression of glutathione S-transferase w and novel genes through an ITAM-containing receptor in ascidian immunocytes. Immunogenetics 57, 444-452.

38.    Fujimuro, M. and Yokosawa, H. (2005). Production of anti-polyubiquitin monoclonal antibodies and their use for characterization and isolation of polyubiquitinated proteins. Methods Enzymol. 399, 75-86.

39.    Saeki, Y., Isono, E., Shimada, M., Kawahara, H., Yokosawa, H., and Toh-e, A. (2005). Knocking out ubiquitin proteasome system function in vivo and in vitro with genetically encodable tandem ubiquitin. Methods Enzymol. 399, 64-74.

40.    Isono, E., Saeki, Y., Yokosawa, H., and Toh-e, A. (2004). Rpn7 is required for the structural integrity of the 26S proteasome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 27168-27176.

41.    Sone, T., Saeki, Y., Toh-e, A., and Yokosawa, H. (2004). Sem1p is a novel subunit of the 26S proteasome from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 28807-28816.

42.    Sawada, H., Tanaka, E., Ban, S., Yamasaki, C., Fujino, J., Ooura, K., Abe, Y., Matsumoto, K., and Yokosawa, H. (2004). Self/nonself recognition in ascidian fertilization: vitelline coat protein HrVC70 is a candidate allorecognition molecule. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 15615-15620.

43.    Sawada, H., Kikukawa, Y., Ban, S., Kakudo, T., and Yokosawa, H. (2004). Expression of trypsin-like proteases and protease nexin-1 in mdx mouse muscles. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 314, 654-658.

44.    Saeki, Y., Tayama, Y., Toh-e, A., and Yokosawa, H. (2004). Definitive evidence for Ufd2-catalyzed elongation of the ubiquitin chain through Lys48 linkage. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 320, 840-845.

45.    Saeki, Y., Isono, E., Oguchi, T., Shimada, M., Sone, T., Kawahara, H., Yokosawa, H., and Toh-e, A. (2004). Intracellularly inducible, ubiquitin hydrolase-insensitive tandem ubiquitins inhibit the 26S proteasome activity and cell division. Genes Genet. Syst. 79, 77-86.

46.    Yamakami, M. and Yokosawa, H. (2004). Tom1 (target of Myb 1) is a novel negative regulator of interleukin-1- and tumor necrosis factor-induced signaling pathways. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 27, 564-566.

47.    Tsukamoto, S., Yamashita, K., Tane, K., Kizu, R., Ohta, T., Matsunaga, S., Fusetani, N., Kawahara, H., and Yokosawa, H. (2004). Girolline, an antitumor compound isolated from a sponge, induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and accumulation of polyubiquitinated p53. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 27, 699-701.

48.    藤室雅弘, 横沢英良 (2009). プロテアソームとタンパク質分解. 生物薬科学実験講座「細胞の構造とオルガネラ」, pp. 117-131, 廣川書店, 東京.

49.    川原裕之, 横沢英良 (2008). ユビキチン依存的蛋白質分解系の新しい仕組み:ポリユビキチン鎖の認識とプロテアソームへの運搬. 癌と化学療法 35, 11-15.

50.    塚本佐知子, 横沢英良 (2008). 展開するプロテアソーム阻害剤研究. 実験医学 26, 242-247.

51.    児玉恵理, 横沢英良 (2008). 酵素ハンドブック(3版)(八木達彦・福井俊郎・一島英治・鏡山博行・虎谷哲夫編), 分担, 朝倉書店, 東京.

52.    横沢英良 (2007). 蛋白質の分解. 生物物理学ハンドブック(石渡信一・桂勲・桐野豊・美宅成樹編), pp. 69-71, 朝倉書店, 東京.

53.    藤室雅弘, 横沢英良 (2007). HHV-8感染における遺伝子発現とユビキチンシステムの制御. 蛋白質核酸酵素 52, 1113-1120.

54.    川原裕之, 嶋田益弥, 南亮介, 横沢英良 (2006). ユビキチンレセプターの構造と機能. 蛋白質核酸酵素 51, 1245-1250.

55.    武内智春, 横沢英良 (2006). ISG15と生体防御機構. 蛋白質核酸酵素 51, 1210.

56.    佐伯泰, 横沢英良 (2004). ユビキチンシステムのコーディネーター:ユビキチンリガーゼ.わかる実験医学シリーズ「ユビキチンがわかる」(田中啓二編),pp. 52-57, 羊土社.

57.    佐伯泰, 横沢英良 (2004). ユビキチンシステムのメカニズム.医学のあゆみ 211, 5-11.

58.    塚本佐知子, 横沢英良 (2004). ユビキチン-プロテアソームシステムをターゲットとする天然物化学・創薬化学の新しい展開. 有機合成化学協会誌 62, 968-976.

 

2)細胞の増殖・分化の制御機構に関する研究(20032009

1.      Mogi, M. and Kondo, A. (2009). Down-regulation of mTOR leads to up-regulation of osteoprotegerin in bone marrow cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 384, 82-86.

2.      Mogi, M. and Kondo, A. (2009). Down-regulation of NF-kB led to up-regulation of NGF production in mouse osteoblasts. J. Immunoassay Immunochem. in press.

3.      Aki, Y., Kondo, A., Nakamura, H., and Togari, A. (2008). Lysophosphatidic acid-stimulated interleukin-6 and -8 synthesis through LPA1 receptors on human osteoblasts. Arch. Oral Biol. 53, 207-213.

4.      Nakamichi, Y., Udagawa, N., Kobayashi, Y., Nakamura, M., Yamamoto,Y, Yamashita,T.,  Mizoguchi, T., Sato, M., Mogi, M., Penninger, J.M., and Takahashi, N. (2007).   Osteoprotegerin reduces the serum level of receptor activator of NF-kB ligand derived from osteoblasts. J. Immunol. 178, 192-200.

5.      Wakita, T., Mogi, M., Kurita, K., and Togari, A. (2006). Increase in RANKL: OPG ratio in synovial of patients with TMJ disorder. J. Dent. Res. 85, 627-632.

6.      Kuzushima, M., Mogi, M., and Togari, A. (2006). Cytokine-induced nitric oxide-dependent apoptosis in mouse osteoblastic cells: involvement of p38MAP kinase. Arch. Oral Biol. 51, 1048-1053.

7.      Togari, A., Arai, M., and Kondo, A. (2005). The role of the sympathetic nervous system in controlling bone metabolism. Expert Opin. Ther. Targets 9, 931-940.

8.      Kotake, S., Nanke, Y., Mogi, M., Kawamoto, M., Furuya, T., Yago, T., Kobashigawa, T., Togari, A., and Kamatani, N. (2005). IFN-g-producing human T cells directly induce osteoclastogenesis from human monocytes via the expression of RANKL. Eur. J. Immunol. 35, 3353-3363.

9.      Yang, S., Takahashi, N., Yamashita, T., Sato, N., Takahashi, M., Mogi, M., Uematsu, T., Kobayashi, Y., Nakamichi, Y., Takeda, K., Akira, S., Takada, H., Udagawa, N., and Furusawa, K. (2005). Muramyl dipeptide enhances osteoclast formation induced by lipopolysaccharide, IL-1a and TNF-a through nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2-mediated signaling in osteoblasts. J. Immunol. 175,1956-1964.

10.  Mogi, M., Otogoto,J., Ota, N., and Togari, A.(2004). Differential expression of RANKL and osteoprotegerin in gingival crevicular fluid of patients with Periodontitis. J. Dent. Res. 83,166-169.

11.  Mogi, M., Ozeki, N., Nakamura, H., and Togari, A. (2004). Dual roles for NF-kB activation in osteoblastic cells by serum deprivation: Osteoblastic apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest.  Bone 35, 507-516.

12.  Kondo, A. and Togari, A. (2004). Activation of osteoblastic functions by a mediator of pain, bradykinin. Biochem. Pharmacol. 68, 1423-1431.

13.  Mogi, M. and Togari, A. (2003). Activation of caspases is required for osteoblastic differentiation. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 47477-47482.

14.  Nakamura, M., Udagawa, N., Matsuura, S., Mogi, M., Nakamura, H., Horiuchi, H., Saito, N., Hiraoka, B.Y., Kobayashi, Y., Takaoka, K., Ozawa, H., Miyazawa, H., and Takahashi, N. (2003). Osteoprotegerin regulates bone formation through a coupling mechanism with bone resorption. Endocrinology 144, 5441-5449.

15.  Kondo, A. and Togari, A. (2003). In vivo stimulation of sympathetic nervous system modulates osteoblastic activity in mouse calvaria. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 285, E661-E667.